Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道的换热

采用热色液晶测温法,测量了涡轮叶片尾缘带隔板的复合通道的温度场,分析了射流冲击强化扰流柱通道内换热的机理,讨论了两通道间隔板的不同开孔结构对换热的影响.从工程应用的角度出发提出了几个换热评价指标,对不同开孔结构的隔板进行了换热评价.结果表明:冷气由第1通道进入,通过隔板上的孔不断由径向流动变为弦向流动后,对第2通道的扰流柱区形成冲击,最后由劈缝排出,提高了尾缘的换热;开孔均匀的隔板换热效果相对较好.     

钨表面双辉等离子渗镍组织及机理

采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在钨表面进行渗镍实验,并采用XRD,SEM,EDX等分析手段对渗镍试样的微观组织进行了表征。结果表明,镍改性层与基体结合良好,无明显缺陷。改性层与基体表面之间存在明显的扩散层,扩散层中存在少量NiW和Ni4W中间相。利用划痕法研究了渗镍层与基体间的结合强度。结果表明:持续加载100 N未发生改性层剥落现象。对钨表面双辉等离子渗镍改性层的形成机制进行了探讨。     

热色液晶标定和使用的影响因素

在全面地分析热色液晶测量方法的基础上,实验研究了热色液晶标定和使用的主要影响因素.保持频闪和相机的相对位置以及两者距拍摄窗口的距离一致,在同一色调值下,拍摄方式(无/有拍摄窗口)、有机玻璃拍摄窗厚度、热力方向(加热/冷却)和热色液晶老化分别产生最大约0.5℃,0.2℃,0.26℃和1.2℃的温度差异.转静间隙不影响热色液晶的显色特性.温度与色调的关系主要与频闪仪的发光介质有关.      

一种新的星载自动识别系统检测概率计算方法

针对现有星载AIS检测概率计算方法没有考虑不同解调算法对检测结果影响的问题,提出了一种基于泊松分布船舶检测模型的星载AIS检测概率计算方法。该方法首先计算混叠信号功率差和频差的联合概率分布,以及算法的解调概率,进而将两者相结合得到表征算法能力的关键参数,代入AIS检测概率模型进行计算,可使得原有模型具有适应不同解调算法的能力。仿真表明该方法可有效应用于实际工程的评估,对星载AIS的系统设计有重要的参考价值。     

Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.      

含湿气流单缝冲击冷却数值模拟

对饱和湿空气夹带液滴的含湿气流单缝冲击冷却进行了数值模拟,比较研究了含湿气流中液滴相变换热/液滴载量比和单缝射流几何参数对强化换热效果的影响,研究发现:气流中液滴的加入对冷却效果的影响十分显著,热流密度为8000W/m2的条件下,空气中注入5%的液滴会比饱和湿空气对驻点区的冷却效果提高90%,当液滴载量比从1%提高到5%,冲击驻点区局部传热系数提高了32%;而合适的缝宽和冲击高度也是影响冷却效果的重要因素,在该条件下冲击高度与缝宽的比值为4.55时冲击冷却效果最佳.      

FGH97缺口试样基于黏塑性本构的弹塑性响应分析

针对缺口试样在高温条件下局部区域应力应变难于测量的问题,基于光滑试样材料力学性能试验,优化得到550℃粉末高温合金FGH97的Chaboche黏塑性统一本构方程参数,并将其应用到FGH97缺口试样单调拉伸及循环加载弹塑性有限元分析中.研究结果表明:①缺口局部区域进入塑性后其应力分布与弹性条件明显不同,随应力增大,最大应力位置向内移动;②在循环载荷条件下,随着循环数的增加,缺口平分线上应力/应变范围变化不大,缺口根部塑性区域出现明显平均应力松弛,并逐渐趋于稳定,导致缺口根部循环载荷比不同于外部施加载荷;③缺口根部塑性区域逐渐增大,但增大的幅度逐渐降低.该研究可为进一步分析缺口构件疲劳寿命影响因素提供支持.      

浇注温度对1种新型铸造镍基高温合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

为分析浇注温度与合金的组织结构和力学性能之间的变化关系,通过改变浇注温度获得不同枝晶组织试样,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜来观察和分析合金的组织结构,结合拉伸性能测试研究了合金的组织结构对拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：降低浇注温度使γ＇相和碳化物得到细化;降低浇注温度提高了合金的拉伸强度,并改善了塑性。     

基于细观位错机理的单晶合金高温力学性能模拟

利用基于细观位错运动的蠕变筏化模型对镍基单晶合金CMSX-4在1223K下的拉伸、蠕变、循环、蠕变疲劳交互及各向异性进行模拟,结果表明:拉伸过程中应变率较高时应力略微下降的现象;蠕变条件下应力越大则蠕变第1阶段越明显,而蠕变稳定阶段越短的趋势;蠕变疲劳交互作用下的应力松弛和应变增大;以及单晶3个典型晶体取向的循环应变硬化特征。通过与试验结果对比,验证了此模型在较高温度下对单晶合金性能的综合模拟能力。